Shell¶
Bash¶
更改用户名¶
#To change username (it is probably best to do this without being logged in):
sudo usermod -l newUsername oldUsername
# This however, doesn't rename the home folder.
# To change home-folder, use
sudo usermod -d /home/newHomeDir -m newUsername
更改tilix¶
sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator
# 选择 tilix.wrapper 对应的 标号, 更改 默认 启动
常用命令¶
修改文件名 rename¶
sudo apt-get instal rename
rename -n 's/Screenshotfrom302.mp4/p/' *.png # 列出需要重命名的文件,只显示，不执行修改
rename -v 's/Screenshotfrom302.mp4/p/' *.png # 执行修改，列出已重命名的文件
rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' * # 文件名 大写改小写
rename 's/[ ]+//g' * # 去除文件名的空格
rename 's/^/myend/' * # 文件头加入字符串 myend
rename 's/$/myend/' * # 文件尾加入字符串 myend
判断安装包,有没有安装¶
- Ubuntu
#!/bin/bash
dpkg -s $1 &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
echo "Package is installed!"
else
echo "Package is NOT installed!"
fi
# OR
dpkg -l | grep -qw package || apt-get install package
if ! rpm -qa | grep -qw vim; then
yum install vim
fi
# or
rpm -qa | grep -qw glibc-static || yum install vim
sftp文件批量上传与下载¶
#!/bin/bash
# apt-get install lftp
# 上传文件
#SFTP配置信息
USER=jxm #用户名
PASSWORD=123456 #密码
SRCDIR=/home/jxm/Documents #待上传文件根目录
DESDIR=/tmp #FTP目录
IP=127.0.0.1
PORT=22
# 修改 IFS
OIFS=$IFS
IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b")
#获取文件
cd ${SRCDIR}
#FILES=`ls` #目录下的所有文件
#FILES=`find ${SRCDIR} -mmin -50 -name '*.mp4'` #修改时间在执行时间五分钟之前的文件
FILES=`find ${SRCDIR} -name '*.pdf'`
for FILE in ${FILES}
do
echo ${FILE}
#发送文件 (关键部分）
lftp -u ${USER},${PASSWORD} sftp://${IP}:${PORT} <<EOF
set sftp:auto-confirm yes
cd ${DESDIR}/
lcd ${SRCDIR}
put '${FILE}'
by
EOF
done
IFS=$OIFS # 恢复IFS
#!/bin/bash
# 下载文件
USER=root
PASSWORD=5EYS40T04BMF # 密码
SRCDIR=/u02/dab # 下载文件目录
DESDIR=/u01/sftpFiles # FTP目录(待下载文件目录)
IP=192.168.1.10
PORT=22
lftp -u ${USER},${PASSWORD} sftp://${IP}:${PORT}<<EOF
cd ${DESDIR}
lcd ${SRCDIR}
get text.xml #需要下载的文件为text.xml
by
EOF
Shell 统计代码行数¶
# 文件名 空格问题 ？？？
find . -type f -name "*.c*" -or -name "*.h**" -or -name "*.msg" | xargs cat | wc -l | sort -k2
total=0
find . -type f -name "*.c*" -or -name "*.h**" -or -name "*.msg" | while read FILE; do
#you see use grep instead wc ! for properly counting
count=$(grep -c ^ < "$FILE")
let total=total+count #in bash, you can convert this for another shell
#echo "$FILE has $count lines ===> $total"
echo "TOTAL LINES COUNTED ... : $total"
done
echo "TOTAL LINES COUNTED: $total" #打印为 0 ?????
Shell 获取文件名和后缀名¶
$ file="thisfile.txt"
$ echo "filename: ${file%.*}"
filename: thisfile
$ echo "extension: ${file##*.}"
extension: txt
$ basename '/a/b/c/name.txt' #用于去掉路径信息，返回纯粹的文件名
name.txt
dirname #获取文件路径
shell 文件所在路径¶
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#coding=utf-8
#VERSION="123" # 版本号
#DATETIME=`date -d today +"%Y%m%d%H%M"` # 时间
SELF_RELATIVE_DIR=`dirname $0` # 获取 脚本文件所在的相对路径
#SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR=$(readlink -f "$SELF_RELATIVE_DIR")
SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR=`readlink -f "$SELF_RELATIVE_DIR"` # 当前 脚本文件，所在的绝对路径
export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR
#python $1
ipython
- apt
apt install --only-upgrade <packagename>
# 用apt升级单个软件包
apt-get upgrade [-u]
# 升级所以已经安装的包裹为最新可用版本.
# 不会安装新的或移除老的包裹.
# 如果一个包改变了倚赖关系而需要安装一个新的包裹,那么它将不会被升级,而是标志为 hold .
# apt-get update 不会升级被标志为 hold 的包裹 (这个也就是 hold 的意思).请看下文如何手动设置包裹为 hold .
# 我建议同时使用 ‘-u’ 选项,因为这样你就能看到哪些包裹将会被升级.
apt-get install时如何指定安装版本¶
$ sudo apt-get install package=version
拷贝文件并且示进度¶
$ rrsync -a -P path1 path2
$ sync
只拷贝软连接¶
$ sudo cp -d $HOME/bin/FoxitReader /usr/local/bin/
Sed 命令¶
sed -i '3s/^/your_test\n/' test.txt # 在第3行前，插入一行
sed -i "3s/$/\nyour_test/" test.txt # 在第3行后，插入一行
sed -i '3s/your_test/my_test/' test.txt # 修改第三行
查找当前目录，及其子目录，” .c “ 文件脚本¶
#!/usr/bin/env bash
for file in `find ./ -type f -name "*.c"`;
do
echo $file
# do something
done
# delete pyc
find . -name '*.pyc' -delete
# File's data was last modified n*24 hours ago
find -type f -mtime +10 -name "mcstudent_offline*"
find ./ -type f -perm -111 #查看具有可执行权限的文件
find -type f -name '*.cpp' | xargs grep '关键字' # 查找含有某字符串的所有文件
chmod a+x `find ./ -type f -name '*.c'` # 修改当前目录及其子目录，文件属性
service --status-all # 查看进程服务
判断文件中包含字段¶
File=/etc/yum.conf
#WORD='proxy'
WORD='^proxy=.*$'
if ! grep $WORD "$File" ; then
echo "$WORD not fond in $File"
else
echo "${WORD} in $File"
fi
判断文件是否存在¶
实现代码一¶
#!/bin/sh
myPath="/var/log/httpd/"
myFile="/var /log/httpd/access.log"
fsda1="/dev/sda1"
# 这里的-x 参数判断$myPath是否存在并且是否具有可执行权限
if [ ! -x "$myPath"]; then
mkdir "$myPath"
fi
# 这里的-d 参数判断$myPath是否存在
if [ ! -d "$myPath"]; then
mkdir "$myPath"
fi
# 这里的-b 参数判磁盘块设备是否存在
if [ -b "$fsda1" ]; then
echo "Fond $fsda1"
else
echo "Not fond $fsda1"
fi
# 这里的-f参数判断$myFile是否存在
if [ ! -f "$myFile" ]; then
touch "$myFile"
fi
# 其他参数还有-n,-n是判断一个变量是否是否有值
if [ ! -n "$myVar" ]; then
echo "$myVar is empty"
exit 0
fi
# 两个变量判断是否相等
if [ "$var1" = "$var2" ]; then
echo '$var1 eq $var2'
else
echo '$var1 not eq $var2'
fi
实现代码二¶
#如果文件夹不存在，创建文件夹
if [ ! -d "/myfolder" ]; then
mkdir /myfolder
fi
#shell判断文件,目录是否存在或者具有权限
folder="/var/www/"
file="/var/www/log"
# -x 参数判断 $folder 是否存在并且是否具有可执行权限
if [ ! -x "$folder"]; then
mkdir "$folder"
fi
# -d 参数判断 $folder 是否存在
if [ ! -d "$folder"]; then
mkdir "$folder"
fi
# -f 参数判断 $file 是否存在
if [ ! -f "$file" ]; then
touch "$file"
fi
# -n 判断一个变量是否有值
if [ ! -n "$var" ]; then
echo "$var is empty"
exit 0
fi
# 判断两个变量是否相等
if [ "$var1" = "$var2" ]; then
echo '$var1 eq $var2'
else
echo '$var1 not eq $var2'
fi
- -f 和-e的区别 Conditional Logic on Files
- -a file exists.
- -b file exists and is a block special file.
- -c file exists and is a character special file.
- -d file exists and is a directory.
- -e file exists (just the same as -a).
- -f file exists and is a regular file.
- -g file exists and has its setgid(2) bit set.
- -G file exists and has the same group ID as this process.
- -k file exists and has its sticky bit set.
- -L file exists and is a symbolic link.
- -n string length is not zero.
- -o Named option is set on.
- -O file exists and is owned by the user ID of this process.
- -p file exists and is a first in, first out (FIFO) special file or named pipe.
- -r file exists and is readable by the current process.
- -s file exists and has a size greater than zero.
- -S file exists and is a socket.
- -t file descriptor number fildes is open and associated with a terminal device.
- -u file exists and has its setuid(2) bit set.
- -w file exists and is writable by the current process.
- -x file exists and is executable by the current process.
- -z string length is zero.
是用 -s 还是用 -f 这个区别是很大的！
乱码¶
# 解决解压Windos 压缩包文件名，乱码
unzip -O cp936 a.zip
# convmv 待验证
sudo apt-get install convmv