############## Shell ############## ******* ZSH ******* * `Oh My ZSH `_ ******* Book ******* * `shell 书籍推荐 `_ ------ * `超赞的Linux软件 `_ ******** Bash ******** * `explainshell `_ 更改用户名 --------------- .. code-block:: sh #To change username (it is probably best to do this without being logged in): sudo usermod -l newUsername oldUsername # This however, doesn't rename the home folder. # To change home-folder, use sudo usermod -d /home/newHomeDir -m newUsername 更改tilix --------------- .. code-block:: sh sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator # 选择 tilix.wrapper 对应的 标号, 更改 默认 启动 * `linux查看硬链接对应的所有文件 `_ 常用命令 -------- http://blog.csdn.net/jxm_csdn/article/details/52234267 `我使用过的Linux命令之trap - 在脚本中处理信号 `_ * `Bash 脚本 set 命令教程 `_ 修改文件名 rename ------------------- * https://blog.csdn.net/WMX843230304WMX/article/details/81870536 .. code-block:: sh sudo apt-get instal rename rename -n 's/Screenshotfrom302.mp4/p/' *.png # 列出需要重命名的文件,只显示，不执行修改 rename -v 's/Screenshotfrom302.mp4/p/' *.png # 执行修改，列出已重命名的文件 rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' * # 文件名 大写改小写 rename 's/[ ]+//g' * # 去除文件名的空格 rename 's/^/myend/' * # 文件头加入字符串 myend rename 's/$/myend/' * # 文件尾加入字符串 myend 判断安装包,有没有安装 ------------------------ * Ubuntu .. code-block:: sh #!/bin/bash dpkg -s $1 &> /dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "Package is installed!" else echo "Package is NOT installed!" fi # OR dpkg -l | grep -qw package || apt-get install package .. code-block:: sh if ! rpm -qa | grep -qw vim; then yum install vim fi # or rpm -qa | grep -qw glibc-static || yum install vim sftp文件批量上传与下载 ------------------------ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41378953/unknown-command-lftp * `用Python实现无交互sftp上传 下载 `_ .. code-block:: sh #!/bin/bash # apt-get install lftp # 上传文件 #SFTP配置信息 USER=jxm #用户名 PASSWORD=123456 #密码 SRCDIR=/home/jxm/Documents #待上传文件根目录 DESDIR=/tmp #FTP目录 IP=127.0.0.1 PORT=22 # 修改 IFS OIFS=$IFS IFS=$(echo -en "\n\b") #获取文件 cd ${SRCDIR} #FILES=`ls` #目录下的所有文件 #FILES=`find ${SRCDIR} -mmin -50 -name '*.mp4'` #修改时间在执行时间五分钟之前的文件 FILES=`find ${SRCDIR} -name '*.pdf'` for FILE in ${FILES} do echo ${FILE} #发送文件 (关键部分） lftp -u ${USER},${PASSWORD} sftp://${IP}:${PORT} < $total" echo "TOTAL LINES COUNTED ... : $total" done echo "TOTAL LINES COUNTED: $total" #打印为 0 ????? Shell 获取文件名和后缀名 -------------------------- .. code-block:: sh $ file="thisfile.txt" $ echo "filename: ${file%.*}" filename: thisfile $ echo "extension: ${file##*.}" extension: txt $ basename '/a/b/c/name.txt' #用于去掉路径信息，返回纯粹的文件名 name.txt dirname #获取文件路径 shell 文件所在路径 ---------------------------- .. code-block:: sh #!/usr/bin/env bash #coding=utf-8 #VERSION="123" # 版本号 #DATETIME=`date -d today +"%Y%m%d%H%M"` # 时间 SELF_RELATIVE_DIR=`dirname $0` # 获取 脚本文件所在的相对路径 #SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR=$(readlink -f "$SELF_RELATIVE_DIR") SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR=`readlink -f "$SELF_RELATIVE_DIR"` # 当前 脚本文件，所在的绝对路径 export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:$SELF_ABSOLUTE_DIR #python $1 ipython * apt .. code-block:: sh apt install --only-upgrade # 用apt升级单个软件包 apt-get upgrade [-u] # 升级所以已经安装的包裹为最新可用版本. # 不会安装新的或移除老的包裹. # 如果一个包改变了倚赖关系而需要安装一个新的包裹,那么它将不会被升级,而是标志为 hold . # apt-get update 不会升级被标志为 hold 的包裹 (这个也就是 hold 的意思).请看下文如何手动设置包裹为 hold . # 我建议同时使用 ‘-u’ 选项,因为这样你就能看到哪些包裹将会被升级. apt-get install时如何指定安装版本 ----------------------------------- .. code-block:: sh $ sudo apt-get install package=version 拷贝文件并且示进度 --------------------- .. code-block:: sh $ rrsync -a -P path1 path2 $ sync 只拷贝软连接 ----------------- .. code-block:: sh $ sudo cp -d $HOME/bin/FoxitReader /usr/local/bin/ Sed 命令 ---------- .. code-block:: sh sed -i '3s/^/your_test\n/' test.txt # 在第3行前，插入一行 sed -i "3s/$/\nyour_test/" test.txt # 在第3行后，插入一行 sed -i '3s/your_test/my_test/' test.txt # 修改第三行 查找当前目录，及其子目录，” .c “ 文件脚本 ------------------------------------------ .. code-block:: sh #!/usr/bin/env bash for file in `find ./ -type f -name "*.c"`; do echo $file # do something done # delete pyc find . -name '*.pyc' -delete # File's data was last modified n*24 hours ago find -type f -mtime +10 -name "mcstudent_offline*" find ./ -type f -perm -111 #查看具有可执行权限的文件 .. code-block:: sh find -type f -name '*.cpp' | xargs grep '关键字' # 查找含有某字符串的所有文件 chmod a+x `find ./ -type f -name '*.c'` # 修改当前目录及其子目录，文件属性 service --status-all # 查看进程服务 判断文件中包含字段 -------------------- .. code-block:: sh File=/etc/yum.conf #WORD='proxy' WORD='^proxy=.*$' if ! grep $WORD "$File" ; then echo "$WORD not fond in $File" else echo "${WORD} in $File" fi 判断文件是否存在 ----------------- 实现代码一 ~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: sh #!/bin/sh myPath="/var/log/httpd/" myFile="/var /log/httpd/access.log" fsda1="/dev/sda1" # 这里的-x 参数判断$myPath是否存在并且是否具有可执行权限 if [ ! -x "$myPath"]; then mkdir "$myPath" fi # 这里的-d 参数判断$myPath是否存在 if [ ! -d "$myPath"]; then mkdir "$myPath" fi # 这里的-b 参数判磁盘块设备是否存在 if [ -b "$fsda1" ]; then echo "Fond $fsda1" else echo "Not fond $fsda1" fi # 这里的-f参数判断$myFile是否存在 if [ ! -f "$myFile" ]; then touch "$myFile" fi # 其他参数还有-n,-n是判断一个变量是否是否有值 if [ ! -n "$myVar" ]; then echo "$myVar is empty" exit 0 fi # 两个变量判断是否相等 if [ "$var1" = "$var2" ]; then echo '$var1 eq $var2' else echo '$var1 not eq $var2' fi 实现代码二 ~~~~~~~~~~ .. code-block:: sh #如果文件夹不存在，创建文件夹 if [ ! -d "/myfolder" ]; then mkdir /myfolder fi #shell判断文件,目录是否存在或者具有权限 folder="/var/www/" file="/var/www/log" # -x 参数判断 $folder 是否存在并且是否具有可执行权限 if [ ! -x "$folder"]; then mkdir "$folder" fi # -d 参数判断 $folder 是否存在 if [ ! -d "$folder"]; then mkdir "$folder" fi # -f 参数判断 $file 是否存在 if [ ! -f "$file" ]; then touch "$file" fi # -n 判断一个变量是否有值 if [ ! -n "$var" ]; then echo "$var is empty" exit 0 fi # 判断两个变量是否相等 if [ "$var1" = "$var2" ]; then echo '$var1 eq $var2' else echo '$var1 not eq $var2' fi * -f 和-e的区别 Conditional Logic on Files * -a file exists. * -b file exists and is a block special file. * -c file exists and is a character special file. * -d file exists and is a directory. * -e file exists (just the same as -a). * -f file exists and is a regular file. * -g file exists and has its setgid(2) bit set. * -G file exists and has the same group ID as this process. * -k file exists and has its sticky bit set. * -L file exists and is a symbolic link. * -n string length is not zero. * -o Named option is set on. * -O file exists and is owned by the user ID of this process. * -p file exists and is a first in, first out (FIFO) special file or named pipe. * -r file exists and is readable by the current process. * -s file exists and has a size greater than zero. * -S file exists and is a socket. * -t file descriptor number fildes is open and associated with a terminal device. * -u file exists and has its setuid(2) bit set. * -w file exists and is writable by the current process. * -x file exists and is executable by the current process. * -z string length is zero. 是用 -s 还是用 -f 这个区别是很大的！ ******** 乱码 ******** .. code-block:: sh # 解决解压Windos 压缩包文件名，乱码 unzip -O cp936 a.zip # convmv 待验证 sudo apt-get install convmv